It was first established in the Marres family that the DYS19 can have a double equal value. Here DYS19 = 15 - 15. (3)

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STR marker values tested at Full Genomes and assessed by YSEQ

at the three FGC6618+ :   Marres – Nolet – Slootmaekers

We see that over a period that can be described genealogically, the Genetic Distance with STR mutations provides good estimates. When the limit of 800 to 1000 years is exceeded, it appears to lose its value completely. Then SNPs become more useful, although they also appear to provide only a rough indication.

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The G-FGC6669 family tree

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AUTOSOMAL DNA

Autosomal DNA is the total DNA of all chromosomes, it comes from all ancestors. The father and mother each gave about half of their DNA, they in turn each received about half from their parents. (7)

With the mouse on the map there is an enlargement and a green dot on Maastricht.

The genome of the author mainly has genes in common with West Germans, especially people from Hesse and Baden-Württemberg, then mainly from southern Germany and Switzerland, followed by Walloons, Flemish people and northern French, and finally English people from the southeast of that country.

His ancestors all came from regions further south than Maastricht. The lower proportion of Limburgers is striking, as Brabanders are also poorly represented, as are other Dutch people.

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GEDMATCH

This is a group of geneticists who perform the autosomatic tests for large companies. They searched for origins from thousands of years ago among the original inhabitants of Eurasia.

The oldest are the Altaic inhabitants who lived here on the tundra during the ice ages. After the Ice Ages some 10,000 years ago, the hunter-gatherers repopulated the European mainland from their Mediterranean refugia. The Neolithic farmers came from Anatolia 7,000 thousand years ago, and the Corded ware people came from the Caucasus 5,000 years ago. The Huns also left some traces.

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The institute Gedmatch compares autosomal DNA with archaeological remains of hunter-gatherers and the first European Neolithic farmers. Below is a figure with the results in order of the established relationship with whom we share at least one CentiMorgan (measure of relatedness). (8)

In archaeogenetics, 1 cM is the lower bound for relatedness. The higher this number, the greater the relationship, so with more and thicker lines.

In the table below, we are most closely related to two Neolithic individuals who lived 7200 and 3200 years ago in what is now Hungary. They are closely followed by a 7,000-year-old discovery from Stuttgart, then a Luxembourger of 8,000 years ago. Then a 45,000-year-old find from Siberia and a North American Indian from 12,000 years ago. His ancestors must have crossed the Bering Bridge not long before.

Striking is the great genetic distance to the English, Scandinavians and Spaniards Here we hardly seem to have any common ancestors. We are least related to a Briton - at the very bottom - with whom we share segments of 1 or 2 cm in five places.

Genetic Variation in the Last 2000 Years

When the mouse is over the image, you will see one of the slides

He shows family relationships going back to the Middle Ages and even to the Neolithic. The results of the DNA tests in the Marres family serve as an example.

The motivation for starting the genetic study was our goal to discover the expected but not yet proven genealogical relationship between the Dutch Marres and Mares families, if not then at least with to provide maximum certainty.

It has always been assumed that the Maastricht families Marres and Mares were two branches of one family. We have been able to demonstrate this relationship with DNA research.

When this goal was achieved, we used the genetic knowledge built up from this to trace our family history back to prehistoric times. With the collected facts, we hope to contribute not only to the national history of our country, but also to European and world history.

Many publications have appeared about the Marres family in genealogical and heraldic magazines. In one of them, De Nederlandsche Leeuw, 1990, the common origin of the Marres and Mares family is made plausible. (10)

The rise of DNA testing in this century offered a wonderful method to prove the genealogically assumed family relationship. Four men took part, two from the Marres family, Boed and Gilbert, and two from the Mares family, André and (the late) Guus. They participated in several projectsn. (11)